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The Creole pigs in Haiti faced extermination in the 1980s due to a swine flu outbreak, leading to significant economic and social consequences for the country.

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Historical Significance of Creole Pigs
The Creole pig, indigenous to Haiti, played a crucial role in the rural economy and culture. These pigs were not just livestock; they served as a form of savings for peasant farmers, who relied on them for financial stability during emergencies such as medical expenses, weddings, and schooling. The pigs were integral to the agricultural system, allowing farmers to convert surplus food into capital by selling or slaughtering them when needed. 

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The Extermination Campaign
In the late 1970s, an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) spread from the Dominican Republic to Haiti, prompting fears of a wider epidemic that could affect livestock in the United States. In response, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Haitian government initiated a campaign to exterminate all Creole pigs on the island. This decision was made despite the pigs’ importance to the local economy and culture. 

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Economic Impact
The extermination of the Creole pigs had devastating effects on Haiti’s already struggling economy. It resulted in the loss of approximately 400,000 pigs, which were crucial for the livelihoods of many rural families. The promised compensation and replacement pigs were poorly managed, leading to further disenfranchisement of the peasant farmers. The new pigs provided were often unsuitable for the local environment and required more resources than the farmers could afford. 

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Current Efforts and Legacy
In recent years, there have been efforts to repopulate Haiti with a new variety of pigs similar to the original Creole breed. Some of the original Creole pigs reportedly survived in small numbers, and agronomists are working to restore this important part of Haiti’s agricultural heritage. The story of the Creole pig serves as a poignant reminder of the intersection.